
IPOs get plenty of press, and rightly so. They are the lifeblood of the markets, bringing new opportunities and new capital into the stock ecosystem. But IPOs also bring hard choices and counter-intuitive results, and those deserve a closer look. To start with, long-term analysis shows that most IPOs will actually underperform compared to their first day on the market. That first day benefits from high valuations and even higher levels of investor enthusiasm – but enthusiasm will wear off, and b






